Drugs cannot be used for administration in their native forms,and in order to obtain the maximum therapeutic effect, it is formulated or design in to dosage forms such as Tablets,Capsules,Solutions,Suspension,Ointment etc.
At the compounding level the aim of the formulation pharmacists is to design a patient acceptable and reasonably stable dosage form to fulfill the intention of the prescribing physician.The compounding Pharmacists has to Design and Develop such formulation that can satisfy the following aspects :
- Dispensing requirements of product improvement to sit medical and consumer preference,such as new dosage form,new package or new pack size.
- Call of compounding department for shorts-cuts in processing to improve compounding rate.
- Call of physician to develop and supply of product for sale and effective treatment of his patient.
- Call to patient to provide safe,economic and convenient to handle and easy to administer dosage form.
The dosage form is compounded on the basis of physico-chemical incompatibilities between drug-drug,drug-additive,,product-container and expected therapeutic efficiency of the product.The Pharmacists,on the basis of knowledge acquired, selects additives to build physical,chemical stability and biological activity in the product.
Pharmaceutical Additives are substances which are of little or no therapeutic value but are added to the formulations in order to ease the production,to maintain stability,to improve patient acceptability,and functioning of dosage form as a drug delivery system.They are also known as Pharmaceutical Aids,-necessities,-adjuncts,-adjuvant,-or excipients.
- Physiologically Inert.
- Must be non-toxic, non-irritant,non-sensitizing.
- Does not impart any undesirable taste,odour or colour to the product.
- Should be effective in low concentration.
- Must not interfere with the bio-availability of the drug.
- Must be accepted by regulatory authorities.
1)To produce particular dosage form-
- Diluents or filler for solid dosage forms.
- Vehicles or solvents for liquid dosage forms.
- Semi-solid bases for ointments,creams,jellies.
- Propellants for aerosols and sprays.
2)To attain and maintain physical of formulation-
- Co-solvents,solubilising agents for solutions.
- Suspending or emulsifying agents for disperse system.
- Binders,disintegrating agents for solid dosage forms.
3)To maintain and attain chemical stability of formulations-
- Antioxidants
- Buffers
4)Organoleptic additives-
- Colouring agents.
- Flavouring agents and perfumes.
- Sweetening agents.
The Pharmacists,in addition to scientific knowledge,uses his artistic sense for selection of colour,flavour and sweetening agent to impart compatibility and contain minimum required ingredients.The compound Product should maintain its stability for a month.
In short,compound development is a creative work of designing and developing a new product and encompass various activities such as development of new drug or improvement of existing product.
Pharmacists Thought
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