Dosage Form :- Dosage form is a blend of drug component with a non-drug component produced in a definite physical form,shape,size and intended to be administered by a particular route of administration.These include tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, creams etc.
The Need for Dosage Forms:
1- Accurate dose.
2- Protection e.g.
coated tablets, sealed ampules.
3- Protection from
gastric juice.
4- Masking taste and odour.
5- Placement of drugs
within body tissues.
6- Sustained release
medication.
7- Controlled release
medication.
8- Optimal drug
action.
9- Insertion of drugs
into body cavities (rectal, vaginal).
10- Use of desired
vehicle for insoluble drugs.
Classification Of Dosage Form :
They are classified according to:-
- Route of administration-
(a) Tablet :
A
tablet is a hard,
compressed medication in round, oval or square shape.
 |
-Binders, glidants and lubricants to ensure efficient tabletting.
-Disintegrants to ensure breaks up the tablet in the digestive tract.
-Sweeteners
or flavours to mask the taste
Tablet
Coating:Making
Tablet Smooth, Resistant to environment, Extending shelf life.
(b)Buccal and Sub-Lingual Tablet :
Sublingual and buccal medications are administered by placing them in the
mouth, either under the tongue (sublingual) or between the gum
and the cheek (buccal).
-Dissolve rapidly and are absorbed
-Avoid drug metabolizing enzymes of the liver.
-
Examples of drugs administered by this route: e.g. vasodilators, steroidal
hormones.
(c)Effervescent Tablets :
Effervescent tablets are uncoated tablets that generally contain acid
substances (citric and tartaric acids) and carbonates or bicarbonates and which
react rapidly in the presence of water by releasing carbon dioxide.
-They
are intended to be dissolved or dispersed in water before use providing:
- Very rapid tablet dispersion and
dissolution.
- Pleasant tasting carbonated drink.
(d)Chewable Tablet:
-They are tablets that
chewed prior to swallowing.
-They are designed for
administration to children e.g. vitamin products.
(e)Capsule:
A
capsule is a medication in a
gelatin container.
-
Advantage: mask the unpleasant taste of its contents.
Types
of capsules are:
1- Hard-shelled
capsules, which are normally
used for dry, powdered ingredients.
2- Soft-shelled capsules: used for oils and
for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil
.
(f)Lozenge :
-It
is a solid preparation
consisting of sugar and gum, the latter giving strength and cohesiveness to the
lozenge and facilitating slow release of the medicament.
-It is used to medicate the mouth and throat for the slow
administration of indigestion or cough remedies.
(g)Powder:
1-Bulk Powders are multidose preparations consisting of solid, loose, dry particles
of varying degrees of fineness.
They contain one or more active ingredients,
with or without excipients and, if necessary, coloring matter and flavoring
substances.
2-Divided Powders are single-dose
presentations of powder (for example, a small sachet) that are intended to be
issued to the patient as such, to be taken in or with water.
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