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Drug And Dosage Form

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Drug :
Drug may be defined as an agent for use in diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in human beings or animals.When administered orally, applied topically, inserted in to body cavity or injected in body, these agent either repair a body organ its function to normal condition.

Drugs are obtained from the following sources :-

      1)Natural Sources -                                                                                                                         
  • Plants                         :  ATROPINE, RESERPINE, MORPHINE etc.
  • Animal                       :  INSULIN, VACCINES, ENZYMES etc.
  • Minerals                     :  KAOLIN, LIQUID PARAFFIN etc.
  • Micro-organism         :  Antibiotics etc.
     2)Semi-synthetic drugs   :   ANTIBIOTICS,MORPHINE DERIVATIVES etc.

     3)Synthetic Drugs           :   ASPIRIN, PARACETAMOL, PRO-DRUGS such as                                                                                OMEPRAZOLE etc. 

Drugs can be further classified as follows :-
  1. Source                         :  NATURAL, SEMI-SYNTHETIC, SYNTHETIC.
  2. Chemical nature          :  INORGANIC, ALIPHATIC, AROMATIC HETEROCYCLIC.
  3. Category                      :  ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETIC, HYPNOTIC etc.
  4. Therapeutic activity     :  ACTIVE INGREDIENT, PRO DRUG, LEAD COMPUND etc.
  5. Federal Regulation        :  OTC DRUG, PRESCRIPTION DRUGS.

Concept of Dosage Forms :

A drug is rarely administered solely as a pure substance but a preparation containing a drug termed as dosage form is used in medicine.Dosage form is a blend of drug component with a non-drug component produced in a definite physical form,shape,size and intended to be administered by a particular route of administration. These non-drug components known as additives are used to maintain the overall stability of dosage form.

Reason for Designing Dosage Forms :

  • The smaller quantity of pure drug is difficult to weigh and measure.
  • dosage form, owing to its definite size, shape, and mechanical strength is easy to administered by a selected route.
  • A unit dosage form provides greater accuracy in dose.
  • Quality dosage forms show predicted and reproducible therapeutic response.
  • As compared to drug in powder or liquid stat, its dosage form is easy for handling, transport and storage.
  • With the addition of organoleptic additives, dosage forms acquire improved stability,palatability and acceptance.

Types of Dosage Forms :

  1. Sterile Dosage Forms : Sterile indicates total absence of living organism. It should not be confused with the term pyrogen-free.Pyrogens are metabolic by-products of micro-organism.Chemically, Pyrogen are lipopolysaccharide in nature. When injected, they produce fever and are called pyrogenic.                                                                                                                
  2. Non- Sterile Dosage Forms :The conventional dosage forms such as tablets,liquid orals, capsules, and topical semisolid are non-sterile products.Thes contain pyrogen but   are free from pathogenic micro-organism.The number and type of micro-organism that are allowed in non-strile product is determined by the route of administration.


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